Objective: To systematically evaluate influencing factors of treatment compliance in children with asthma in China. Methods: The Cochrane Library

EMBase

PubMed

Web of Science

CNKI

CBM

Wanfang and VIP databases were retrieved for collecting observational studies on influencing factors of treatment compliance in children with asthma in China. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to Mar. 31st

2023. Two researchers independently screened literature

extracted data

and assessed bias risks based on the quality assessment tool recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare. Meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 17. 0 and RevMan 5. 3 software. Results: A total of 30 studies were enrolled

including 5

285 cases of children

with 15 cross-sectional studies and 15 case-control studies. Meta-analysis showed that the treatment compliance rate in children with asthma in China was 41. 1%. Factors such as low caregiver cognitive level

adverse drug reactions

adverse psychological reactions and poor inhalation technique were identified as risk factors for treatment compliance. The severity of asthma symptoms was identified as a protective factor for treatment compliance. Caregiver education level

children’ s age

economic status

medical supervision

duration of illness

and caregiver trust in clinicians and nurses were found to be unrelated to treatment compliance. Conclusion: Treatment compliance is poor in children with asthma in China

it is suggested that clinicians and nurses develop interventions targeting modifiable factors

such as low caregiver cognitive level

adverse psychological reactions and poor inhalation technique

to improve treatment compliance in children with asthma in China.